The concave-eared torrent frog (Odorranatormota) is a tree-dwelling, nocturnal frog living near noisy streams inHuangshan Hot Springs, China. This noisy habitat poses a problem, making vocalcommunication difficult. Males of this species call to advertise their presenceusing calls with a high-pitch and frequency. In addition, on rainy nights priorto breeding, females emit ultrasonic calls from the sides of streams. Thesecalls are emitted at a higher frequency and are much shorter than the calls ofmales. To establish the function of these female calls, Shen et al. (2008) carried out play-backexperiments where males were played the call of a female through a speaker. Onhearing the call of a female, a male would make large hops towards the speakerwith astonishing acuity, rivalling that of a hunting barn owl or dolphin (Shen et al., 2008). Females of O. tormota possess distinct vocal cords,which is unusual. In female O. tormotathe vocal cords are bigger and thicker compared to those of the male. Thehigh-frequency and intense mating calls of female O. tormota are therefore exceptional for female anurans and theresults of Shen et al. (2008) showthat these female calls allow males to accurately detect females in a noisyenvironment.
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